A report by the International Bar Association War Crimes Committee on Tuesday detailed some of the most graphic of these atrocities perpetrated by Kim's regime, widely regarded as one of the most repressive on the planet. Thomas Buergenthal — a renowned judge on the committee and a survivor of Auschwitz — told The Washington Post that North Korea's gulags "are as terrible, or even worse" than the Nazi camps he experienced as a child.
North Korean defectors told the committee about some of the individual atrocities they witnessed. These included a prisoner's newborn baby being fed to guard dogs, the execution of starving prisoners caught digging for edible plants on the mountainside, and a variety of violent measures designed to induce abortions, including injecting motor oil into women's wombs.
Related: Trump's North Korea policy could trigger famine, experts warn. The committee said hundreds of thousands of prisoners are estimated to have died over the near year rule of the Kim dynasty. Read in Korean.
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He said: "I felt like an insect, tangled in the spider web. Every time I moved it got messier, with no way out. He does say that, later on, after the month of interrogation was over, he was allowed to see emails and messages from people back home though this may have been both a comfort and a torment.
He seems to have been allowed a bible. When he became seriously ill, it looks as though the North Korean authorities became concerned that he might die, with all the diplomatic difficulty that would cause. And so they arranged his release - as it appears might have happened in the case of Otto Warmbier. He said he thought his treatment as a prisoner with a cell of his own, including a bed and a toilet, was not as tough as that for North Koreans held in the vast array of camps for ordinary crime or for dissent.
He may be right on this. Amnesty International has described the prison camps as harsh beyond endurance. Amnesty analyses aerial pictures of the camps and says that one of them is three times the size of Washington DC contains 20, inmates. According to one former official it had talked to, detainees were forced to dig their own graves and rape was used as punishment, the victims then disappearing.
Kenneth Bae does not say he was physically tortured or beaten. His decline in health was because the harshness of the prison regime exacerbated his diabetes, high blood pressure and a kidney condition. That may or may not be the case of Otto Warmbier. But there are questions which the authorities in the United States are surely asking: How did he end up in a coma? And why did North Korea take a year to tell any outside country? If it was because of some sort of physical attack, there might be political pressure on President Donald Trump to get tougher with the regime in Pyongyang.
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